Abstract: In 2018, the extraction content, TLC identification, characteristic spectrum detection and chemical composition identification of agilawood samples obtained by physical incense binding (fire burning method), chemical incense binding and microbial incense binding, the quality was compared and analyzed.The results showed that ①only the content of the extract of the physical incense (cauterization) is 7.49%, less then 10%, which did not meet the detection standard of Aquilaria sinensis in the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and other methods met the detection standard, among which the highest content of chemical extract was 39.29%;②sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-henylethy) chromones were detected in all the samples, and the total content was more than 50%, which indicated that all the three artificial methods could produce agilawood.③The relative contents of sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-henylethy) chromones in the microbially formed agilawood were higher than those in the naturally formed agilawood, and other indicators were in line with the detection standards of Aquilaria sinensis in the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, so it was a better method for forming agliawood.