Abstract: In view of the contradictions and conflicts and historical problems existing in the protection and management of the Nature Reserve in Gengma County of Yunnan Province, in 2020, data investigation, field investigation and evaluation, protection gap analysis, integration and optimization and other methods and procedures were used, in the mean time, GIS software was applied for superposition analysis and processing to integrate and optimize the Nature Reserve in Gengma County.After integration and optimization, the number of Nature Reserve in Gengma County changed from 2 to 4, the total area of Nature Reserve increased from 30536.29 hm² to 40762.41 hm², and the proportion of Nature Reserve in the total area of the county increased from 8.19% to 10.93%.The total area of the problem plot transferred out is 258.61 hm², which has effectively solved the conflicts and historical problems left over from the Nature Reserve in Gengma County.It strengthened the protection of important ecosystems in the Nature Reserve, also strengthened the protection of habitats for important species, improved the management efficiency of the Nature Reserve, and enhanced the efficiency of soil and water conservation in the Nanting River basin, which has important guiding significance for accelerating the improvement of the construction of the Nature Reserve in Gengma County.