Abstract: In order to further understand the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities under different planting patterns of Paeonia suffruticosa,and to evaluate the effects of two planting patterns on soil nutrient status,Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities under two different planting patterns.To explore the effects of two planting methods on soil nutrients.The results showed that soil environment and the composition of fungi community had significant effects on the growth and reproduction of Paeonia suffruticosa.Basidiomycetes accounted for the highest proportion in bare soil samples,while ascomycetes and mortieromycetes were more abundant in understory samples.The abundance of fungi species in rhizosphere of Paeonia suffruticosa in understory samples was significantly higher than that in bare soil samples.Soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium contents had significant positive effects on fungal population composition.There was significant correlation between different fungal communities and the content of mineral elements in these soils,and most of the dominant bacterial species in understory soil showed positive correlation.It was speculated that the decomposition of branches and leaves litter on the soil surface increases the soil nutrient content,and the secondary metabolites of plant roots provide a superior growth environment for microorganisms.The results showed that understory planting could effectively improve the abundance and diversity of fungal communities.Paeonia suffruticosa planted under the forest are more adaptable to the environment.