Abstract: This study investigated water quality parameters and benthic macrofauna diversity in typical riverine habitats of Lanping Qinghuadian National Wetland Park using standardized sampling methodologies. Results indicate favorable overall water quality and high biodiversity of benthic macrofauna. Across six sampling sites,a total of 23946 individuals were collected,belonging to 59 species within 45 families and 9 orders,including 55 aquatic insect species and 4 non-insect taxa. The community exhibited pronounced dominance by a limited number of taxa,with uneven species distribution. Dominant taxa included Nemouridae(Plecoptera,relative abundance:22.55%),Orthocladiinae(Diptera,20.99%) and Baetidae(Ephemeroptera,9.76%). Significant differences in species diversity and richness were observed between riverine streams and swamp streams,driven by habitat heterogeneity,substrate composition,flow velocity,and water quality parameters. These findings provide critical insights for benthic macrofauna conservation,habitat management,and biodiversity research in high-altitude wetland ecosystems.