Abstract: In this study, leaf samples of Phoebe bournei showing anthracnose symptoms were collected from the nursery of Youxi County Forestry Bureau in Sanming City, Fujian Province.The pathogen was isolated via tissue isolation and confirmed by Koch's postulates, then identified through morphological characteristic observation and multi-locus sequence（ITS,CHS-1,GAPDH,ACT,and TUB2） phylogenetic analysis.Results showed that 18 isolates were obtained from the diseased P.bournei seedlings, which could be classified into two categories（representative strains: YX-1,YX-2） based on morphological characteristics.Verification through Koch's postulates demonstrated that both strains were pathogenic to P.bournei seedlings.Morphological identification showed that the initial colonies of YX-1 were white.After 4-5 days, the center turned gray, with a loose felt-like texture, dense aerial hyphae, neat edges, and a pale yellow reverse side.The initial colonies of YX-2 were white, with a layer of white cotton-like aerial hyphae covering the surface.After 4-5 days, the center became light gray while the edges remained white or grayish-white.Orange-red conidial heaps formed in the center, and the reverse side was pale yellow, accompanied by the secretion of black dot-like pigments.Conidia of both strains were long elliptical, with obtuse ends, colorless, transparent, unicellular, and smooth-surfaced.The size of YX-1 conidia ranged from 13.1～17.3 μm × 3.0～6.5 μm, while that of YX-2 conidia ranged from 14.0～23.5 μm × 3.0～4.5 μm.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that YX-1 clustered with Colletotrichum fructicola（node support rate 100%）,and YX-2 with C.siamense（node support rate 98%）.Integrating morphological and phylogenetic results, YX-1 was identified as C.fructicola,and YX-2 as C.siamense.This research provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the accurate diagnosis and scientific control of P.bournei anthracnose.