毛叶木姜子扦插育苗技术

Propagation Technology of Litsea mollis Hemsl via Cuttings

  • 摘要: 为提高毛叶木姜子(Litsea mollis)扦插成活率,以毛叶木姜子枝条为扦插材料,观测不同扦插生根处理方式、扦插基质、扦插时期以及穗条贮藏方式对毛叶木姜子扦插育苗的影响。结果表明:与对照(清水处理)相比,吲乙·萘乙酸和吲丁·萘乙酸均可显著提高毛叶木姜子的萌发保存率、成活率、平均生根数量以及平均根长,其中插穗于吲丁·萘乙酸200 mg· L-1浸泡6 h后萌发保存率和成活率达到最高,分别为90.00%和43.33%;在冷沙黄壤、黄心土+珍珠岩+蛭石(1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1)以及河沙3种基质中,以冷沙黄壤作为基质时插穗的萌发保存率和成活率均达到最高,且平均生根数量和平均根长显著高于其它基质(P<0.05);萌发保存率和成活率在春季和夏季均显著高于秋季(P<0.05),而平均生根数量和平均根长在春季显著高于夏季和秋季(P<0.05),春季、夏季的扦插成活率分别比秋季提高96.96%、72.73%,秋季扦插表现最差;采穗后于5℃低温冷藏10 d时的扦插效果最优,其萌发保存率、成活率、平均生根数量、平均根长比新鲜穗条扦插分别提高5.19%、4.62%、1.11%、1.46%。因此,春季(3月)以冷沙黄壤为基质,剪取毛叶木姜子1年生枝条作为插穗,5℃低温冷藏10 d后用吲丁·萘乙酸200 mg· L-1浸泡6 h后扦插,可显著提高毛叶木姜子的萌发保存率和成活率。

     

    Abstract: To improve the survival rate of cuttings of Litsea mollis Hemsl. and overcome the limitations of its propagation techniques. Using Litsea mollis branches as cutting material,this study systematically observed the effects of different rooting treatments,cutting substrate,cutting periods and cutting storage methods on the cutting performance of Litsea mollis. The experimental results showed that compared to the water treatment,both IAA + NAA and IBA + NAA as rooting promoters can significantly improve the germination retention rate,survival rate,average number of roots and average root length of Litsea mollis. Among all treatments,a 6-hour soak in 200 mg·L-1 of IBA + NAA solution yielded peak values for germination survival rate (90. 00%) and cutting survival rate (43. 33%);among the three substrates—cold sandy yellow soil,yellow heart soil + perlite + vermiculite (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1), and river sand—the cold sandy yellow soil substrate yielded the highest sprouting retention rate and survival rate for cuttings. Additionally,the average number of roots and average root length were significantly higher than those of the other substrates(P<0. 05);the germination rate and survival rate were significantly higher in spring and summer than in autumn(P<0. 05),while the average number of roots and average root length were significantly higher in spring than in summer and autumn(P<0. 05). The survival rates of cuttings in spring and summer were 96. 96% and 72. 73% higher than in autumn,respectively,with autumn cuttings performing the worst;the optimal results for cuttings were achieved after storing the cuttings at 5 ℃ for 10 days following harvesting. Compared to cuttings taken immediately after harvesting fresh cuttings,the germination retention rate,survival rate,average number of roots,and average root length increased by 5. 19%,4. 62%,1. 11% and 1. 46%,respectively. Therefore,cutting one-year-old branches of Litsea mollis in spring(March) as cuttings,storing them in a 5 ℃ cold storage facility for approximately 10 days,soaking them in 200 mg·L-1 of IBA + NAA for 6 hours,and propagating them using cold sandy loam as the medium can significantly improve the germination retention rate and survival rate of Litsea mollis.

     

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