基于AHP-FCE法的乡村景观评价与优化策略

Evaluation and Optimization Strategies of Rural Landscape Based on AHP-FCE Method

  • 摘要: 为科学践行乡村振兴战略目标,破解闽南地区乡村当前面临的景观同质化严重、生态基底受损及文化传承断层等突出问题。以福建省漳州市龙海区蔡坂村为研究对象,构建“物质空间—自然生态—社会文化”三维度乡村景观评价体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,结合模糊综合评价法(FCE)量化景观质量,提出针对性优化策略。结果表明:准则层权重排序为自然生态景观(0.4356)>社会文化景观(0.3544)>物质空间景观(0.2100),自然生态是蔡坂村景观核心基底;指标层中山水景观(0.3155)、传统手工艺(0.2065)、民俗文化(0.1479)权重最高,为村落特色标识要素。准则层评分排序为自然生态(3.81)>物质空间(3.73)>社会文化(3.14),社会文化景观为主要短板;因子层中新旧建筑协调性(2.96)、活动设施多样性(2.93)、古树名木独特性(2.95)等指标评分低于3.0为重点改进方向。结合研究结果,从保护、利用、传承3个方面提出划定生态保护区、管控建筑风貌、培育非遗传承体系等优化策略,为闽南地区特色产业型村落景观评价与规划提供参考。

     

    Abstract: To scientifically implement the strategic goals of rural revitalization,address the prominent issues currently faced by rural areas in the Minnan region,such as severe homogenization of landscapes,damaged ecological foundation,and broken cultural inheritance This study takes Caiban Village in Longhai District,Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province as the research object,constructs a three-dimensional rural landscape evaluation system covering " material space-natural ecology-social culture" . The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine index weights,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method(FCE)was combined to quantify the quality of landscape resources,thereby proposing targeted optimization strategies. The research results show that the weight ranking of the criterion layer was:natural ecological landscape(0. 4356) > social and cultural landscape(0. 3544) > material space landscape(0. 2100),indicating that natural ecology was the core base of Caiban Village's landscape. In the index layer,mountain and water landscapes(0. 3155),traditional handicrafts(0. 2065),and folk culture(0. 1479) have the highest weights,serving as the characteristic identifying elements of the village. In terms of criterion layer scores,natural ecology(3. 81) > material space(3. 73) > social and cultural landscape(3.14),with the social and cultural landscape being the main shortcoming. In the factor layer,indicators such as the coordination between new and old buildings(2.96),the diversity of activity facilities(2. 93),and the uniqueness of ancient and famous trees(2. 95) have scores lower than 3. 0,which are key areas for improvement. Based on the research results,this paper proposes optimization strategies from three dimensions of protection,utilization,and inheritance,including delimiting ecological protection zones,controlling architectural styles,and cultivating intangible cultural heritage inheritance systems. It aims to provide references for landscape evaluation and planning of traditional villages with characteristic industries in southern Fujian.

     

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