Abstract: In order to understand the baseline status,spatial distribution patterns,and conservation status of wild orchids in the Fujian Huangchulin National Nature Reserve,and to provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and management in this region,a systematic one-year survey was conducted using the line-transect method.A total of 47 wild orchid species were recorded,with epiphytic orchids being the most abundant in individual numbers and terrestrial orchids having the highest species richness.The horizontal distribution showed a heterogeneous pattern characterized by the coexistence of widespread and narrowly-distributed species.Vertically,species and individual numbers were concentrated at mid-elevations of 301—600 m(56.80%).Analysis of conservation status revealed that only 20.5% of the species are listed as National Grade II Protected Plants in China,while 89.7% are included in Appendix Ⅱ of CITES.Moreover,species such as Liparis inaperta and Anoectochilus roxburghii face higher risks on the IUCN Red List.This study systematically elucidates the resource characteristics and conservation gaps of orchids in this area,providing data support for the development of targeted conservation strategies.