基于地面LiDAR的小叶榕三维形态微气候调控及绿地配置

Terrestrial LiDAR-Based 3D Morphology of Ficus concinna: Microclimate Regulation and Green Space Configuration

  • 摘要: 为缓解福州城市化加剧的热岛效应,提升居民热舒适性,精准量化城市树木形态对微气候的调控机制并优化其在绿地配置中的应用,以福州市典型绿地小叶榕(Ficus concinna)为研究对象,融合地面LiDAR点云技术与ENVI-met微气候模拟方法。通过Trimble Tx6高精度扫描孤植榕树,提取树冠体积、表面积、冠幅等9项三维形态参数,结合冠下温湿度实测数据及多下垫面(裸地、草地、水泥地)模拟,系统分析三维形态-微气候关联性。结果表明:树冠体积、表面积与叶面积指数是降温增湿的核心驱动因子(与温度显著负相关:r=-0.416~-0.456,P<0.05;与湿度显著正相关:r=0.357~0.454,P<0.05);经聚类划分的T4型(巨冠型)榕树调节效能最优,在水泥地下垫面较T3型降温0.3 ℃、增湿0.577%;据此提出"草地+T4型小叶榕"协同配置模式,明确硬质铺装区优先选育T4型榕树的优化策略。该研究对单木尺度形态参数的微气候效应进行精细化解析,其研究成果可服务于福州国家森林城市建设,为缓解热岛效应,提高居民热舒适性的亚热带城市绿地精准营建提供参考。

     

    Abstract: To mitigate Fuzhou’s urban heat island effect and enhance thermal comfort,this study combined terrestrial LiDAR with ENVI-met simulation to analyze the microclimate regulation mechanism of Ficus concinna.High-precision point clouds were used to extract nine 3D morphological parameters.Correlations with temperature and humidity data under various surfaces revealed that crown volume,surface area and leaf area index.The above results indicate:negatively correlated with temperature(r=-0.416~-0.456,P< 0.05)and positively with humidity(r=0.357~0.454,P<0.05).The T4(giant crown)type demonstrated optimal performance,lowering temperature by 0.3 ℃ and increasing humidity by 0.577% on concrete surfaces compared to T3.A synergistic configuration of "grassland + T4-type Ficus concinna" is proposed,prioritizing T4-type trees in paved areas.These findings offer refined guidance for subtropical urban greening and support Fuzhou’s National Forest City initiative.

     

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