Abstract: Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.)is an important fast-growing timber species in southern China.Formula fertilization is a key technology to alleviate soil fertility decline caused by continuous multi-rotation planting and improper management,and to enhance the sustainable management capacity of Chinese fir plantations.This review systematically synthesizes research progress on formula fertilization and fertilizer effects in Chinese fir plantations,focusing on nutrient demand characteristics,multi-dimensional effects of fertilization on growth,soil properties and ecological functions,regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen forms,application of new-type fertilizers,and factors influencing fertilization effects.The main conclusions are as follows:nutrient demand in Chinese fir follows a distinct ontogenetic pattern,with nitrogen dominating in young stands,phosphorus and potassium becoming synergistic in middle-aged stands,and balanced nutrition required in near-mature and mature stands.Mixed ammonium-to-nitrate supply is superior to a single nitrogen form,and its effects are co-regulated by environmental factors such as soil pH and water availability.New-type fertilizers such as biochar,slow-release fertilizers,silicon fertilizers and microbial fertilizers have their specific advantages in promoting growth,improving soil properties and enhancing carbon sequestration while reducing carbon emissions.Among them,silicon fertilizer significantly increases soil carbon storage via a dual-pathway accumulation mechanism of organic carbon.Fertilization effects are interactively regulated by genetic background,stand age,site conditions and silvicultural practices.Current research gaps include the scarcity of long-term field experiments,the lack of quantitative models integrating genotype×age×site interactions,and uncertainty about the long-term ecological effects of new-type fertilizers.Future research should focus on establishing a precise fertilization decision-making system based on multi-factor coupling,and integrating carbon accounting,remote sensing monitoring,and intelligent decision-making into the precision formula fertilization framework,thereby providing technical support for increasing timber production,enhancing carbon sinks and achieving high-quality sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations.