Abstract: To elucidate the current status of wild Rhodiola yunnanensisresources in Yunnan Province,a systematic field survey was conducted across the province using typical sampling coupled with verification,with county-level administrative units as the basic sampling element.The results indicated that R.yunnanensisis distributed across 13 prefecture-level cities/autonomous prefectures,covering a total area of 849.52 hm² and an estimated total of over 3.05 million individuals.Horizontally,its distribution is centered in the northwestern part of Yunnan,specifically within Dali and Diqing Prefectures.Vertically,the species predominantly occurs at elevations ranging from 2900 to 3800 m.It primarily inhabits forests dominated by Quercus pannosa and Abies georgei var.smithii,as well as thickets of Yushania violascens,where it typically occurs as a companion species in the herbaceous layer.A total of 53.37% of the area lies within natural protected areas,while 54.67% of individuals occur outside them.Major disturbance types include "other" and "collection",mostly at "none" or "weak" intensity.The overall conservation status is excellent.This study provides a comprehensive baseline regarding the resource inventory,distribution patterns,and threat status of R.yunnanensisin Yunnan,thereby offering foundational data for formulating targeted conservation strategies.