Abstract: To explore the relationship between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation during early-stage of the restoration of burned areas.This study employed field sampling and surveys,combined with seed germination experiment,to investigate the species composition,seed storage of soil seed banks at different layers in naturally restored burned areas for one year.It also examined the species composition and importance values of aboveground vegetation,analyzing the regeneration modes of aboveground vegetation species and their similarity to the species composition of soil seed banks at different layers.①The seed reserves and number of species in the soil seed bank decrease with depth from the litter layer,0—2 cm,2—5 cm and 5—10 cm layers.The litter layer,0—2 cm,2—5 cm and 5—10 cm layers are dominated by the Asteraceae and Oxalidaceae families,with Oxalis corniculata as the dominant species.Solanum nigrum of the Solanaceae family is only dominant in the litter layer.Except for the 5—10 cm soil layer,Crassocephalum crepidioides is the dominant species in all other soil layers.②A total of 20 shrub species and 11 herbaceous species were recorded in the aboveground vegetation.The shrub layer primarily relies on vegetative regeneration,with Rhododendron spiciferum(importance value 55.75%)as the dominant species.The herbaceous layer is mainly composed of seedlings,with Pteridium apuilinum(importance value 90.10%) and Crassocephalum crepidioides(importance value 85.90%) as co-dominant species.③The soil seed bank shows moderate dissimilarity between the litter layer and 0—2 cm layers and the aboveground vegetation,while the 2—5 cm and 5—10 cm layers exhibit extreme dissimilarity with the aboveground vegetation.④The aboveground vegetation is primarily vegetatively regenerated,with most species not yet flowering or fruiting.The soil seed bank exhibits low similarity in species composition with the aboveground vegetation.Therefore,post-fire management should prioritize the protection of sprouting and regenerating plants along with their underground seed reserves,while minimizing human interference with the litter layer to ensure continuous input of soil seed banks and rapid recovery of aboveground vegetation.