Abstract: The dried rhizome of Drynaria roosii serves as the traditional Chinese medicinal material Rhizoma Drynaria.Nevertheless,wild populations are continuously declining due to unregulated wild harvesting and habitat degradation.Conventional spore-based seedling raising faces industrial bottlenecks including low spore germination rate,poor seedling stress tolerance,and a long cultivation cycle of 2~3 years.In this study,a three-factor completely randomized experiment was carried out with three seedling substrates,three types of water-soluble fertilizers and two water-soluble fertilizers dilution ratios,forming a total of 18 treatment combinations.Covering five critical growth stages,multiple growth indicators such as spore germination,seedling height,survival rate and rhizome morphology were measured to clarify the regulatory effects of cultivation factors on spore propagation of Drynaria roosii,and to establish a staged precision seedling-raising technical system.The results show that substrate acts as the primary limiting factor for spore propagation of Drynaria roosii.The Pindstrup substrate with high organic matter content and high total porosity achieves remarkably better overall seedling-raising performance than the two tested domestic substrates.The 1∶800 water-soluble fertilizers dilution ratio synergistically boosts spore germination and rhizome growth.Drynaria roosii exhibits distinct nutrient demands at different growth stages.The standardized staged seedling-raising protocol was as follows:adopt Pindstrup substrate and 1∶800 diluted water-soluble fertilizers solution throughout the whole cultivation process;apply balanced water-soluble fertilizer during the 60~240 d seedling vegetative stage,and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the 240~540 d rhizome hardening stage.This system shortens the seedling-raising cycle to 540 days,with the seedling survival rate of the optimal treatment reaching 90.00%.The findings can provide references for in situ conservation of wild Drynaria roosii populations,large-scale breeding of medicinal seedlings,and artificial propagation of other endangered epiphytic fern species.